Apparatus for use in the production of threads of hair and like fibers



A. GREEN Spt. 13, 1932.

SYSheets-#Sheet 1 APPARATUS FOR USE IN THE PRODUCTION OF THREADS 0F HAIRAND LIKE FIBERS Original Filed April 22, 1929 2 .i5 Y 2:35a,

@El A Sept. 13, 1932. A GREEN 1,876,664 APPARATUS FOR USE IN THEPEODUCTlQN OF THREADS HAIR AND LIKE FIBERS Original Filed April 22. 19295 Sheets-Sheet 2 sept. 13, 1932. A. GREEN 1,876,664

SE INVTHE PRDUCTION OF THREADS 0F HAIR AND LIKE FIBERS original FiledApril 22, 1929 :isheevs-snee'cy 5 APPARATUS FOR U TTMS.

AND LIKE FIBERS Sept. 13, 1932. A. 'GREEN APPARATUS FOR USE IN THEPRODUCTION OF THREADS 0F HAIR Original Filed April.v 22. 1929 5Sheets-Sheet 4 Sept. 13, 1932'. v A. GREEN 1,876,664 APPARATUS FOR USEIN THE PRODUCTION 0F THREADS OF HAIR AND LIKE FIBRS Original Filed April22,' 1929 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 7 l /Nvf/Vro/f: E @i MMM I Patented Sept. 13,11932 entree stares ra'reNr l ermee; p

ALLAN GREEN, OFv SUTTON, NEAR KEIGI-ILEY, ENGLAND APPARATUS FOR USE INTHE lPRODUCTION OF THREADS OF HAIR .AND LIKE IEIIBERSy Applicationfi1ed`Aprl`22, 1929, Serial .Tanuary In the production of continuous'threads and of woven fabrics composed of hair (such as horse hair whichas is well known cannot be spun into a continuous thread except by theaddition of other'kinds of fibers) the great diiiculty encountered isthe selecting and separating'of single hairs or a plurality of hairsfrom a bundle of same in order that said selected and separated hairsmay be passedforward to feeding rollers when same have to be supplied tomachines for spinning or encircling said hairs with other threads offibrous substances (such as cotton v them vwith the greatest regularityto select and separate the hairs as desired and under such conditionsthat said selected and separated hairs are carried forward when moved bythe feeding devices so ,far that their rear ends are approaching theleading endsof the supply of hair7 by whichmeans thev next succeedinghair or hairs that isl or are being fed, is or are-so presentedto thefeeding rollers, that portionsof the extremities of the hairs overlapor. slightly overlie each, other thus ensuring thecompounded thread tohave a continuous core of'hair.

In order that my said invention may be readilyY understood I havehereunto appendedsheets of drawings illustrative there# of to which byfigures and letters referenceis mad-e inthe following description Fig. 1is a sectional end elevation of a machine or apparatus having; devicesconstructed and, arranged in accordance with my invention.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the ,parts shown by Fig.y 1 andas seenlooking from right; to left ofsaid figure.

Fig. 3-is a planof'the devicesjshown by `Fig,s. 1 and 2. f

No. 3575025, and'in Great Britain April 23, 1928. Renewed as, 1932. Y

Fig. 4 is a plan drawn to an enlarged scale of the holder or containerand parts in connection therewith for receiving and containing bundlesof hair from which single or a .plurality'ofhairs hasor have to beselected.

Fig. 5 is a front elevation of the devices shown by Fig. 4, and drawn tothe same scale. Figs. 6 and 7 are rear elevation and. end elevation ofthe container shown by Fig. 5

VVand are drawn to the same scale.

Figs. 8 and 9 are plan and side elevation of selecting devicesconstructed in accordance with my invention.

Figs. 10 and 11 are similar views to Figs. 8 and 9 respectively butillustrate a modification hereinbefore described.

vFigs. 12 and 13 are also similar views to Figs. 8 and 9 but show afurther modification and parts operating in connection therewith.

Fig. 14 is a similar view to Figs. 8, 11 and 12 vbut shows means wherebythe grippers may be normally closed and are opened by the guides.

Fig. 15 is an end elevation of devices Iemy ploy for varying thepressure onv the bundle of hairs within the container.

Figs. 16 and 17 show theformation of the.l

gripping .parts and Vdevices in connection therewith for regulating thespace between themfor receiving the hair.

A A1 indicates the end frames of the machine. v

In carrying-myv invention into effect I make use of a receptacle 2(which is prefer-V ably detachable from its supports 2m) into whichbundles of hair are placed so that same will occupy vertical positionstherein with the lower ends of the hairs in the positionV shown at 3 ofFig. 6. Y

This container 2 has a slot 2a formed in its rear wall so that a -lever4 may extend crosswise to enter the container. This lever is -fixed uponthey lower end of a vertical spindle 4d which has another lever 4a xedupon its upper end. The lever 4a has its rearwardly ext-ending arm 4]cactuated by a (all bundle of hairs 3 against the curved and tapering end2b of the container 2. By which means the end part 2.79 of the containerpresents the outermost hairs of the bundle of hairs 3 in suitablepositions to enable the selecting member 5 to engage with them as ishereinafter explained.

The devices which form my selecting member 5 consist of jaws or grippingparts 5a and 5b. The part 5a is preferably slotted so that the part 5?)may take into said slot where it is pivoted by a pivotal pin 6 (whichalso acts as a fixing screw), and where it is normally kept open (asshown by Fig. 8) by means of a spring 7 which is mounted within theslotl in which the member 5b is also mounted.

The body part 5a which is slotted is made to fit a bifurcated holdingmember 8 which, by being split and having an extended slot 8a, isenabled to grip the body part 5a when the screw 8b is tightened to causethe bifurcation on each side to press against the member 5a.

This gripping member S forms the lower end of a lever 8c which ispivoted at its upper end 8d upon a lever 9.

The lever 9 is fixed upon a cross shaft 10 upon which shaft 10 is alsofixed a lever 11 having a groove 11a formed in it to receive a slidingmember 1Q which is actuated by a cranl: pin 12a carried by disc 127).This disc 12b is frz-:ed upon shaft 13 which is supported by a bracket11i mounted to be adjustable about the shaft 17 but held by the endframe A of the machine so that said shaft 13 may have fixed upon it awheel 15 to gear or mesh with a wheel 16 fixed upon the shaft 17 whichextends lengthwise the machine. The wheel 16 meshes with the wheel 17awhich derives 'its motion from the wheel 17o which is fixed upon theshaft 17 which carries all the driving gripping rollers 30.

On the shaft 170.7l a wheel 31 is fixed and arranged to mesh with` wheel31e fixed upon the hub of a three spoed cone or driving` pulley 17 fwhich derives its motion through any appropriate driving belt.

By the use of the several parts described as the shaft 17 rotates totransmit motion to the disc 12b and therefore to the cranl7 nin 12a. therotations of said crank pin tran it oscillatory motion to the arm 11which is fixed upon the sh aft 10 so that from Jthis shaft 10 the sameoscillatory motion may be transmitted to the lever arm 9 and thereforeto the vertical lever 80 which carries the selecting member 5 as ishereinbefore described.

T o the same pendant lever 80 is pivoted at 8f a connecting rod 18 andthis connecting rodv18 is pivoted at 18a upon the pendant arm of a lever19. The lever 19 is fixed upon ashaft 2O to which is fixed at theopposite end of the machine, a lever21 and this lever 21 is retained inits normal position by its spring 21a while a roll 21?) V(carried by theupper arm 21s of said lever 21) is made to remain in Contact with thecam surface S22 on a cam that is fixed upon the shaft 17.

Bythese means as said shaft revolves to transmit oscillatory motion tothe arm 11 (in order to raise the lever 8c, which rising is permitted bya joint 18k in the rod 18, and also the selecting member 5) the cam 22revolves and (throughthe lever 19) actuates the connecting rod 18 inorder to transmit oscillatory motion to the lever 80 and therefore tocause the selecting member to advance towards the hair 3 and recede fromsame as will be understood. The said advancing and receding motions aretransmitted thereto in unison with the ascending and descending motionsof the lever 80, consequently by the actions of the crank 12a theselecting device is raised to its highest position and is kept duringits rising movements in its rear position out of the path of the bundleof hair 3. @n reaching its highest position said selector then commencesto de-l scend and when descending on reaching the desired position oneor other of the cam surfaces 22a on the cam 22 actuates the lever 19 tocause said selector 5 to advance towards the hairs 3 there to engagewith said hair as is hereinafter described.

ln order to guide the member 5 in its vertical path make use ofthe twoguiding members 23 and 23a which extend vertically to have their upperends fixed to a curved flat spring 24 as shown by Fig. 5. rllheseguiding arms 23 and 23a are forced towards each other by means of aspring 25 5) so that they will retain their proper relative positions toguide the member 5 as it rises vertically when actuated as ishereinbefore, described.

When the lever 80 is raised vertically on reaching its highest positionthe selector device begins to advance so'that the outer ends of theparts 5a and are brought to engage with the bundle of hairs 3 within thecontainer 2. At the time that the gripper 5 is thus advancing, thespring 7 will have retained the leading space at w open so that a singlehair (or'plurality of hairs if so adjusted as hereinafter explained)will enter the said notch fw shown by Fig. 8. lVhen thus advanced to thedesired distance the extension at the rear end of the member 5b willpass through an inclined portion at 23d on the guide 23 (see Figs. 5 and8) and will be thereby compressed thus overcoming the spring 7 andcausing the outer end 52) to grip the hair between it and outer end ofthe mer. ber 5a.

When the hair is thus being gripped the selector 5 will descend carryingwith it the hair that is gripped in an approximately straight path sothat the lower end of the hair is made to pass into the nip` a? (Fig l).be-

' tween the rollers 30 and 30a, and on being grippedY by the rollers itis immediately released by the selector. The roller which that they gripin a vertical direction to pay same out as is hereinafter explained.

Arranged in conjunction with the rollers 30 and 30a is a supply bobbinor other device for supplying thereto a thread ofyarn which may becotton or the like so-that as the rollers 30 and 30a revolve the threadof yarn supplied thereto is continuously fed downward along with thehairthat is also fed to the nip of the same rollers 30 and 30a.

.As means for regulatingthe selector to effect the supplying of longerand shorter hairs, the number of cam parts22a is decreased or increasedas is demandedv by the number of deliveries as for example should -typeand is pivoted at four of the cam parts 22a be carried, then for eachrevolution of the cam, four lengths or separate supplies of hairs wouldbe carried,' whereasV provided only one cam part 22a was employed thenonly one supply would be carried out at each revolution and the hairsupplied would be correspondingly of greater length. The reduction orincrease inthe number of engagements of the cam parts 22a does notinterfere with the actions of the other movement of the selector, butallows same to continue its ordinary rising and descending actionswithout said selector being*Y brought forward to select and detach anyof the hairs until 'the cam partys 22a causes it so to do. By thesemeans the changing from the use of one length of hairs to another iseifectedwithout requiring any alterations to be carried out inconnection with the rother operating parts of the machine.

vrllhe hairs and the thread passing between .i the rollers 30 and 3Ocarecaused to descend through a hollow spindle 34 and upon this hollowspindle 34 is abobbin of yarn or thread 32 which is loosely mountedthereon soV that the same may be acted upon as is hereinafter described.1

Fixed to the spindle 34v is adriving wharle or pulley 33 which derivesitsrotary motion from adriving band ortape actuat-ed by the usualdriving mechanism used in ordinaryY spinning machines.

The rotary motions of therwharle 33 are l transmitted by it to thespindle34, therefore by the thread 32a being taken fromthebobbin 32cverthe splayed end of the spindle 34,

' l' as said spindle 34 revolves it willV carry the thread 32a aroundthe thread w1 and the hairs t iat accompany said thread. In this mannerthe thread from the bobbin 32 is wound around the thread and its hairsin order to enclose and bind same together.` j 4 tainty that l desired.

As the compounded' thread m1 leaves the lower end of the hollow spindle34 it is conducted to be wound on to a bobbin, spool or into the form ofbundles of yarn by any ordinary well known type of apparatus forcarrying out such winding actions.

l have foundv it desirable that the bundle of hairs should be slightlypressed in the opposite direction to that in which the selector l rorthisciiui Jose l malle use of a lever 35 the lower end of vwhich nas aproJectien 3era which will nre-ss a ainst the bundle of hairs at thepart where they leave the holder or rfhis lever 35 is ofv bell-crank ytothe end of brachet'l. This-bracket 35. is fixed upon lthefrainen/'orlrV A. while the horizontal'` arm of container 2.

the lei` er 35 has an inclined end 8 for contact with a roll 8g carriedby the vertical lever 8c.

r" the lever 8c has risen to the desired pos then commences to againadvance tcv. ls the bundle of hairs 3 and on thus advancing the lever 8ccarries the runner 8g into Contact with the inclined end s of the lever3K and raises said lever thus causing the lower end 35s to press thehairs as described while a sprfng.I7 secures the return move-` ment ofthe lever35 when the roll 8g returns or descends. y

rifhe lever 4 which operates the sliding ineinberv within the containeris fixed upon a vertical spindle 4d.

When av supply of hairs has to be placed within the container v2 theattendant actua-tes the hand lever 4a so that the lever 4 will withdrawthe sliding bloclr4g from the conacting upon it l arrange said spring4b' to be coupled to the upper end of aA lever 40 (see 15) and thislever 40is pivoted upon a pivotal stud 4lso that upon its lower end aroll 42 maybe in position for being operated by a cam 43. This cam 43 isfixed upon a shaftY 44 which has motion transmitted to it from anysuitable motor part of the machinesi either by ordinary toothed gearinglor by chain and sprocket wheels, so that same may be caused' to rotatein the direction indicated by the arrow t. This cam 43 has the effect offirstly releasing the pressurel by the'hollow part 44a allowing theroll; 42 t0 tainer. lle will then remove the empty con- '.1191

descend thereon and then to be forced outwardly and very firmly pressedby the part 44:1) acting upon the roll l2 as shown by Fig. L,.,15 whilewhen said portion el?) has passed the jfroll l2 the cam allows same torecede and retain the pressure in a desired normal condition for abouthalf a revolution ot the cam 43. 1 I have hereinbefore described themovelments ot the selector member 5 as following a path in which it maymove approximately vertically downwards when feeding hairs to therollers so that the projecting end of the Mhair will go direct to thenip of the rollers, lbut I am aware that in certain conditions and forcomparatively long hairs an ordinary y rotary selector, having jaws ofthe character hereinbeiere described with reference to the members 5aand 5?) may be made use of.

26 `When making use ol' my improved detector devices constructed andarranged as shown by Figs. and 11 I make use of only one operatingmember 237) and this member N.23?) is arranged to taire between aprojection "58 which is secured to the aw 5a and another projection 5twhich extends from the jaw 5b in which case the spring 7s tends to keepthe jaws open until the inclined part 5a of the ,projection 5t comes inContact with the guid- 80 'ing member 23?) by which it is closed.

he formation of the jaws 5a and 5?) may be further modified as shown byFigs. 12 and 13. In this case the jaw 52) is actuated or ,-.closed bythe guiding member 23 having an Y extending portion 2310 te contact witha roll 5o which is pivoted upon said jaw 5?). Thus the member 23 is alsoenabled to positively close the jaw 5b as desired and in this case the.member 2310 is acted upon by a spring 100 and an adjusting screw 101 sothat a desired yield at the proper time of grip may be given to the saidparts during their quick or rapid movements.

As an alternative to the formation shown by Figs 12 and 13 the jaw 5?)may be positively held open by the guiding member 23?) and when clear ofsaid guiding member a spring It may cause it to be closed as shown `byFig. 11i.

The jaws 50, and 5?) may be regulated to be opened to a greater or lessextent according to the thickness of hairs that they have to engage withand in connection with the said 551 jaws 5a and 5?), when formed asshown by Fig. 17, I may use an adjusting plate 102 shown by Figs. 8, 9and 17. This may be adj usted in a position nearer to or farther fromthe outer end of the 5?) so that the space between said outer end andthe adjustable plate 102 may be arranged to receive two hairs or morethan two hairs or only one hair as the case may be and this adjustmentis eiected by the adjusting screws 103 and 10i the latter being screwedby the adjusting screws 103 and 104 the latter being' screwed into thestud 6.

When comparatively large or thick hIairs {jg} apartbeyond the first hairthat they grip as.

not to be able to grip any other.

Such being the nature o1 my said invention what I claim is 2*- 1. Inapparatus for producing continuous threads by surrounding or wrappinghairs with threads formed of other iibers, jaws for selecting andremoving single hairs or a plurality of hairs from a bundle oi hairs,adjustable devices 1Cor enabling said jaws t0 select single hairs or a.plurality of same, lever devices for actuating said aws, a cam formedadjustable so that it may be made to actuate the jaws once or aplurality of times during each of its revolutions to meet therequirements et shorter or longer hairs, rotary.

rollers arranged to receive land convey the hairs delivered to them bythe jaws, said rotary rollers also adapted to receive the yarn, awrapping device associated with said roll ers, a wrapping thread carriedfor said wrapping device, and means for encircling said wrapping threadaround the hair and thread as it issues 'from said rollers.

2. In apparatus for producing continuous threads by surrounding orwrapping hairs with threads Jormed of other iibers, a container forreceiving a bundle of hairs, spring actuated devices for pressing thehairs within the container, gripping jaws for selecting and removingsingle hairs or a plurality of hairs from said bundle ot hairs,adjustable devices for enabling said aws to select single hairs or a.plurality of same, lever de-A vices or actuating said jaws, a cam formedadjustable so that it may be made to actuate the aws once or a pluralityof times during each of its revolutions to meet the requirements ofshorter or longer hairs, rotary rollers arranged to receive and conveythe hairs delivered to them by the jaws, said rotary Vrollers alsoadapted to receive the yarn, a

wrapping device associated with said rollers, a wrapping thread carriedfor said wraJ ping device, and means 'for encircling said wrappingthread around the hair and thread as it issues `tromrsaid rollers.

3. In apparatus for producing continuous threads by surrounding orwrapping hairs with threads formed of other fibers, a container forreceiving a bundle ot hairs, spring actuated devices for pressing thehairs within the container, gripping jaws for selecting and removingsingle hairs or a plurality of hairs from said bundle of hairs,adjustable lli .shorter or longer hairs, rotary rollers arranged toreceive and convey the hairs delivered to them by the jaws said rotaryrollers also adapted to receive the yarn, a wrapping device associatedwith said rollers, a wrapping thread carried for said wrapping device,and means v:for encircling said wrapping thread around the hair andthread as it issues from said rollers.

il. In apparatus for producing continuous threads by surrounding orwrapping hairsV with threads formed of other fibers, a container forreceiving a bundle of hairs, spring actuated devices for pressing thehairs within the container, gripping jaws for selecting and removingsingle hairs or a plurality of hairs from said bundle of hairs,adjustable devices for enabling said jaws to select single hairs or aplurality of same, lever devices for actuating said jaws, a cam formedadjustable so that it' may be made to actuate the aws once or aplurality of times during each of its revolutions to meet therequirements of shorter or longer hairs, devices whereby the bundle ofhairs may be intermittently pressed and relieved of pressure, rotaryrollers arranged to receive and convey the hairs delivered to them bythe jaws, said rotary rollers also adapted to receive the yarn, awrapping device associated with said rollers, a wrapping thread carriedfor said wrapping device, and means for encircling` said wrapping threadaround the hair and thread as it issues from said rollers.

5. In apparatus for producing continuous threads by surrounding orwrapping hairs with threads formed of other fibers, a container forreceiving a bundle of hairs, spring actuated devices for pressing thehairs within the container, gripping jaws for selecting and removingsingle hairs or a plurality of hairs Jfrom said bundle of hairs,adjustable devices for enabling said jaws to select single hairs or aplurality of same, lever devices for actuating said aws, a cam formedadjustable so that it may be made to actuate the jaws once or aplurality of times during each of itsA revolutions to meet therequirements off-shorter or longer hairs, cam actuated lever devices foreffecting the vertically reciprocating vmotions of the jaws, rotaryrollers arranged to receive and convey the hairs delivered to them bythe jaws, said rotary rollers also adapted to receive the yarn, awrapping device associated with said rollers, a wrapping thread carriedfor said wrapping device, and means for encircling said wrapping threadaround the hair and thread as it issues from said rollers.

6. In apparatus for use in the production `of threads of hair and likebers, gripping jaws for selecting and removing single or a plurality ofhairs` from a bundle of hairs, guiding devices for the jaws formed topermit a spring to open same, said spring, an inclinedipart on theguides to close thespring, means for opening and closing said jaws, ro-,tary rollers associated with said jaws, means for actuating theV jawsto feed said hairs to said rotary rollers, said rotary rollersV alsoadapted to receive the yarn, a wrapping device associated with saidrollers, a wrapping thread carried for said wrapping device, and meansfor encircling said wrapping thread around the hair and thread asfitissues from j said rollers. v

7 In apparatus for producing continuous threads by surrounding orwrapping hairs with threads formed ofl other fibers, jaws for selectingand removing single hairsor a plurality of hairs from a bundle of hairs,an adju'stablejzilatel for limiting the length of the lspace between thejaws when open to enable said jaws to select single hairs or a pluralityof same, lever devices for actuating Said jaws, a vcam formed adjustableso that it may be madeto actuate the jaws once or a plurality of timesduring each of its revolutions to meet the requirements of shorter orlonger hairs, rotary rollers arranged to receive and convey t-he hairsdelivered to them by thejaws, said rotary rollersv also adapted toreceive the yarn, and devices for rotating the said yarn to surroundsaid hairs. s

8. An apparatus-for vuse in the production of threads of hair and likefibers having in combination a container. for receiving the bundle ofhair to be selected, a selector having a pairV of co-acting jaws,vertical guides for controlling the movement of said jaws, means forsimultaneously reciprocating and imparting vertical movement to saidjaws, means on one of said guides for` actuating said jawsso as toselectively withdraw the hairs from the container, rollersadapted toreceive the yarn and positioned beneath said container, a wrappingdevice, a wrapping thread carried by said wrapping device, and

,means for encircling said wrapping thread around the hairand thread asit issues from said rollers.

9. An apparatus for use in the production of threads of hair and likefibers having in combination a container for receiving the bundle ofhair to be selected, a selector having a pair of: co-acting jaws,vertical guides for controlling the movement of said jaws, means forsimultaneously imparting vertical movement to said selector and foroscillating the jaws to move them towards and away from said receptacle,means for normally separating said jaws, means on one of said guides forclosing the jaws when the latter are moved towards the container,rollers adapted to receive the yarn and positioned beneath saidcontainer, means for actuating said jaws for conducting the selectedhairs through said rollers, a wrapping device, a wrapping thread-carriedby said wrapping device and means for encircling said wrapping threadaround the hair and thread as Y it passes through the wrapping device.

l0. An apparatus for use in the production of threads of hair and likefibers having in combinationV a container provided with a curved andtapered open end, and arranged to receive the bundle of hair to beseparated, means for urging the bundle of hair towards said end,gripping jaws for selecting and removing single or a plurality of hairsfrom said bundle, means for moving said jaws vertically, means forreciprocating said jaws, vertically disposed guides for said jaws, meansassociated with said guides for opening and closing said jaws, rollersadapted to receive the yarn and positioned beneath said container, meansfor actuating said aws for conducting the selected hairs to saidrollers, a wrapping device, a wrapping thread carried by said wrappingdevice, and means for encircling said wrapping thread around the hairand thread as it passes through the wrapping device.

11. An apparatus for use in the production of threads of hair and likefibers having in combination, a container provided with a curved andtapered open end, and arranged toV receive the bundle of hair to beseparated, means for urging the bundle of hair towards said end,gripping jaws for selecting and removing single or a plurality of hairsfrom said bundle, means for simultaneously reciprocating and impartingvertical movement to said jaws, vertically disposed guides for saidjaws, means associated with said guides for opening and closing saidjaws, rollers adapted to receive the yarn and positioned beneath saidcontainer, means for actuating said jaws for conducting the selectedhairs to said rollers, a wrapping device, a wrapping thread carried bysaid wrapping device, and means for encircling said wrapping threadaround the hair and thread as it passes through the Wrapping device.

ALLAN GREEN.

